Academy practice

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1. Legal reasoning
   1. Passage: a shop’s price card is an invitation to treat, not an offer. The customer’s tender of the price is the offer. The shop accepts by agreeing to sell. Facts: a card on a book says ₹400. Meera takes the book to the counter and tenders ₹400. The cashier says the copy is reserved. On the passage alone, what is the price card?

   An offer Meera has already acceptedAn invitation to treatA completed saleA breach of contract
2. Contract
   2. A neighbour helped Arun move house last month. Nothing was said about pay. Today Arun promises ₹5,000 for that finished help. Which statement matches the usual textbook idea of consideration?

   A past favour, with no bargain at the time, is generally not consideration for a later promiseAny later thank-you note creates a contractConsideration must be money, so the promise fails only because it names rupeesA gift of a promise is always a contract
3. Contract
   3. A landlord says, “Sign tonight or I will injure you.” The tenant signs. Which heading is the sound textbook starting point?

   Free consent is in doubt because the threat looks like coercionThe agreement is certainly valid because there is a signatureConsideration is automatically absentThe threat can only be a tort and cannot affect a contract
4. Tort
   4. A cyclist is hurt when a shop sign falls. The problem does not say who put the sign up, whether anyone inspected it, or what the injury was beyond “hurt.” Which is the soundest student move?

   Award a round sum of damagesAsk duty, breach, causation, and damage, and mark the missing factsTreat every accident as negligenceCall it a crime and stop
5. Constitution
   5. Fundamental rights in the Constitution are studied, at textbook level, as guarantees aimed mainly at whom?

   Only private neighbours in every disputeThe State, as the Constitution frames that wordOnly foreign governmentsOnly municipal corporations, and nobody else
6. Constitution
   6. A class problem asks for the writ name used when a court is asked to direct a public authority to perform a public duty. Which name is that?

   Habeas corpusMandamusQuo warrantoA money decree
7. Constitution
   7. Which sentence states separation of powers without pretending the jobs never overlap?

   The same body must always make, execute, and judge every lawMaking law, carrying it out, and deciding cases are different jobs, even where the Constitution allows overlap and checksCourts may never look at a statuteLegislatures conduct criminal trials as their ordinary work
8. Tort
   8. A carrier’s driver hits a cyclist while delivering the carrier’s goods on the assigned route. Which question does vicarious liability ask?

   Whether the employer may be civilly liable for the employee’s tort in the course of employmentWhether the cyclist committed a crimeWhether the price card was an offerWhether the employer is automatically guilty of a criminal offence
9. Tort
   9. Strict liability, as a textbook contrast with negligence, is studied as a rule that may not require proof of which element?

   That any damage occurredFault in the sense negligence uses itThat the defendant existsThat a court has jurisdiction
10. Legal reasoning
    10. Passage: a general exception excuses conduct only when every condition of that exception is present. Fear alone is not a condition. Facts: Ravi says he was afraid, so he is excused. No other condition is stated. On the passage, is Ravi excused?

    Yes, because fear is enoughNo. The passage requires every condition, and fear alone is not oneYes, because criminal law has no exceptionsThe passage awards damages
11. Contract
    11. Passage: an advertisement offering a reward for a lost dog is usually treated as a unilateral offer accepted by performance. Facts: the reward is posted; Priya returns the dog before reading the post. On the passage alone, what is the sound textbook hesitation?

    Priya automatically earns the reward because she returned the dogWhether Priya knew of the offer before performing is a consent question the passage flags but does not decideRewards are never offersOnly written contracts can reward finders
12. Contract
    12. A minor’s agreement is a textbook example of which idea at introductory level?

    Every contract with a minor is voidable at the minor’s option in the usual summaryMinors may bind themselves to any loanAge never affects consentOnly criminal law applies to minors
13. Tort
    13. Private nuisance, at textbook level, is most closely about which interference?

    Unreasonable interference with the use or enjoyment of landAny loud sound anywhereOnly criminal trespassBreach of a written contract only
14. Tort
    14. Which pair separates the two ordinary branches of defamation in many common-law textbooks?

    Libel and slanderOffer and acceptanceMandamus and certiorariCGST and SGST
15. Constitution
    15. Article 14 is studied as a guarantee of equality before the law and equal protection of the laws. Which answer states that without adding a case holding?

    It is a promise of identical outcomes in every disputeIt requires like treatment of persons in like circumstances, subject to reasonable classification tests read in the textIt applies only to tax casesIt abolishes all classifications
16. Constitution
    16. Article 32 is often described as which kind of remedy in constitutional courses?

    The right to constitutional remedies, including writ jurisdiction of the Supreme CourtA rule about GST registrationA limitation period for contractsA directive to private employers only
17. Constitution
    17. Directive Principles of State Policy are textbook material because they:

    Guide the State in governance but are not enforceable like fundamental rights in the usual introductory contrastBind every private citizen directly as criminal lawReplace fundamental rights entirelyAre identical to ordinary statutes with no special status
18. Legal reasoning
    18. Passage: a bailee must take such care of the goods as a person of ordinary prudence would take of his own goods under similar circumstances. Facts: goods are left in a locker; the key is copied by a stranger. The passage alone does not say what happened to the key. What is the first move?

    Decide negligence without facts on care takenIdentify the bailment relationship and ask what care was promised and what failure is provedTreat every theft as automatic bailee liability regardless of careCall it a gift
19. Legal reasoning
    19. An easement, in property courses, is best described as:

    A right to use another’s land for a specific purpose without owning that landOwnership of the entire buildingA criminal penaltyA type of company share
20. Legal reasoning
    20. Stare decisis, as explained to beginners, means:

    Courts follow prior decisions for stability, subject to exceptions and higher-court reviewOld cases are never readParliament cannot amend the ConstitutionEvery judgment binds every country

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