Law education / Case law

Constitutional case notes

These three entries are study anchors only. They state a court, a year, and a textbook-level principle. They do not quote paragraph numbers. Open the linked judgment text and read the operative paragraphs yourself before you cite anything in work.

1. Kesavananda Bharati v. State of Kerala (Supreme Court of India, 1973)
   Parliament may amend the Constitution, but the basic structure cannot be destroyed — a limit studied in constitutional courses alongside the amending power.
   Judgment text (Indian Kanoon mirror)
2. Maneka Gandhi v. Union of India (Supreme Court of India, 1978)
   Article 21’s protection of life and personal liberty is read with fair procedure and the reasonableness idea — not a bare formality test in the textbook summary.
   Judgment text (Indian Kanoon mirror)
3. Vishaka v. State of Rajasthan (Supreme Court of India, 1997)
   Until legislation filled the gap, the Court issued guidelines on workplace sexual harassment, later overtaken in part by the 2013 Act — read the statute in force today.
   Judgment text (Indian Kanoon mirror)

How to read a case

The method is in how to read a judgment and how to find a judgment. The catalogue course Reading a Statute complements case reading; it is not a reporter.

For original multiple choice labelled as academy work, use Academy practice — not an official LAWCET, CLAT, or university paper.